A10 General Economics: General A11 Role of Economics; Role of Economists A12 Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A13 Relation of Economics to Social Values A14 Sociology of Economics A19 General Economics: Other A20 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: General A21 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college A22 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate A23 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate A29 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Other A30 Collective Works: General A31 Collected Writings of Individuals A32 Volumes A33 Handbooks A39 Collective Works: Other B00 Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology: General B10 History of Thought through 1925: General B11 History of Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic) B12 History of Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith) B13 History of Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (includes Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian) B14 History of Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist B15 History of Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional B16 History of Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical B19 History of Thought through 1925: Other B20 History of Thought since 1925: General B21 History of Thought: Microeconomics B22 History of Thought: Macroeconomics B23 History of Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical B24 History of Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist; Scraffian B25 History of Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian B29 History of Thought since 1925: Other B30 History of Thought: Individuals: General B31 History of Thought: Individuals B32 Obituaries B40 Economic Methodology: General B41 Economic Methodology B49 Economic Methodology: Other B50 Current Heterodox Approaches: General B51 Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian B52 Current Heterodox Approaches: Institutional; Evolutionary B53 Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian B54 Feminist Economics B59 Current Heterodox Approaches: Other C00 Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General C01 Econometrics C02 Mathematical Methods C10 Econometric and Statistical Methods: General C11 Bayesian Analysis C12 Hypothesis Testing C13 Estimation C14 Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods C15 Simulation Methods C19 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other C20 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General C21 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models C22 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models C23 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Models with Panel Data C24 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models C25 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models C29 Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other C30 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: General C31 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models C32 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models C33 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data C34 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models C35 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models C39 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Other C40 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General C41 Duration Analysis C42 Survey Methods C43 Index Numbers and Aggregation; leading indicators C44 Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research C45 Neural Networks and Related Topics C46 Specific Distributions C49 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other C50 Econometric Modeling: General C51 Model Construction and Estimation C52 Model Evaluation and Selection C53 Forecasting and Other Model Applications C59 Econometric Modeling: Other C60 Mathematical Methods and Programming: General C61 Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis C62 Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium C63 Computational Techniques C65 Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools C67 Input-Output Models C68 Computable General Equilibrium Models C69 Mathematical Methods and Programming: Other C70 Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General C71 Cooperative Games C72 Noncooperative Games C73 Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games C78 Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory C79 Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other C80 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General C81 Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data C82 Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data C87 Econometric Software C88 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software C89 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other C90 Design of Experiments: General C91 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C92 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior C93 Field Experiments C99 Design of Experiments: Other D00 Microeconomics: General D01 Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles D02 Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations D10 Household Behavior: General D11 Consumer Economics: Theory D12 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D13 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation D14 Personal Finance D18 Consumer Protection D19 Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other D20 Production and Organizations: General D21 Firm Behavior D23 Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights D24 Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity D29 Production and Organizations: Other D30 Distribution: General D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D33 Factor Income Distribution D39 Distribution: Other D40 Market Structure and Pricing: General D41 Market Structure and Pricing: Perfect Competition D42 Market Structure and Pricing: Monopoly D43 Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D44 Auctions D45 Rationing; Licensing D46 Value Theory D49 Market Structure and Pricing: Other D50 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General D51 Exchange and Production Economies D52 Incomplete Markets D53 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets D57 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis D58 Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D59 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other D60 Welfare Economics: General D61 Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis D62 Externalities D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement D64 Altruism D69 Welfare Economics: Other D70 Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General D71 Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations D72 Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D73 Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption D74 Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances D78 Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation D79 Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other D80 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D81 Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty D82 Asymmetric and Private Information D83 Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief D84 Expectations; Speculations D85 Network Formation and Analysis: Theory D86 Economics of Contract: Theory D87 Neuroeconomics D89 Information and Uncertainty: Other D90 Intertemporal Choice and Growth: General D91 Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving D92 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D99 Intertemporal Choice and Growth: Other E00 Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General E01 Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth E10 General Aggregative Models: General E11 General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary E12 General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian E13 General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical E17 General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation E19 General Aggregative Models: Other E20 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) E21 Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth E22 Capital; Investment; Capacity E23 Macroeconomics: Production E24 Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution E25 Aggregate Factor Income Distribution E26 Informal Economy; Underground Economy E27 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation E29 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other E30 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) E31 Price Level; Inflation; Deflation E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles E37 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation E39 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other E40 Money and Interest Rates: General E41 Demand for Money E42 Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems E43 Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates E44 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E47 Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation E49 Money and Interest Rates: Other E50 Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General E51 Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers E52 Monetary Policy E58 Central Banks and Their Policies E59 Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other E60 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General E61 Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination E62 Fiscal Policy E63 Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization Policy E64 Incomes Policy; Price Policy E65 Studies of Particular Policy Episodes E66 General Outlook and Conditions E69 Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other F00 International Economics: General F01 Global Outlook F02 International Economic Order F10 Trade: General F11 Neoclassical Models of Trade F12 Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F13 Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations F14 Country and Industry Studies of Trade F15 Economic Integration F16 Trade and Labor Market Interactions F17 Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F18 Trade and Environment F19 Trade: Other F20 International Factor Movements and International Business: General F21 International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements F22 International Migration F23 Multinational Firms; International Business F24 Remittances F29 International Factor Movements: Other F30 International Finance: General F31 Foreign Exchange F32 Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements F33 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F34 International Lending and Debt Problems F35 Foreign Aid F36 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration F37 International Finance Forecasting and Simulation F39 International Finance: Other F40 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General F41 Open Economy Macroeconomics F42 International Policy Coordination and Transmission F43 Economic Growth of Open Economies F47 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation F49 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other F50 International Relations and International Political Economy: General F51 International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions F52 National Security; Economic Nationalism F53 International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations F54 Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism F55 International Institutional Arrangements F59 International Relations and International Political Economy: Other G00 Financial Economics: General G10 General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) G11 Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions G12 Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates G13 Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing G14 Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies G15 International Financial Markets G18 General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation G19 General Financial Markets: Other G20 Financial Institutions and Services: General G21 Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages G22 Insurance; Insurance Companies G23 Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions; Institutional Investors G24 Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Rating Agencies G28 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G29 Financial Institutions and Services: Other G30 Corporate Finance and Governance: General G31 Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies G32 Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure G33 Bankruptcy; Liquidation G34 Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance G35 Payout Policy G38 Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation G39 Corporate Finance and Governance: Other H00 Public Economics: General H10 Structure and Scope of Government: General H11 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H19 Structure and Scope of Government: Other H20 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H21 Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation H22 Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence H23 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H24 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes H25 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) H26 Tax Evasion H27 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue H29 Taxation and Subsidies: Other H30 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H31 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household H32 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H39 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other H40 Publicly Provided Goods: General H41 Public Goods H42 Publicly Provided Private Goods H43 Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate H44 Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets H49 Publicly Provided Goods: Other H50 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H51 National Government Expenditures and Health H52 National Government Expenditures and Education H53 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H54 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock H55 Social Security and Public Pensions H56 National Security and War H57 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement H59 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other H60 National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General H61 National Budget; Budget Systems H62 National Deficit; Surplus H63 National Debt; Debt Management H68 Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt H69 National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other H70 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General H71 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H72 State and Local Budget and Expenditures H73 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects H74 State and Local Borrowing H75 State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare H76 State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories H77 Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession H79 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other H80 Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General H81 Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants H82 Governmental Property H83 Public Administration H87 International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods H89 Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other I00 Health, Education, and Welfare: General I10 Health: General I11 Analysis of Health Care Markets I12 Health Production I18 Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health I19 Health: Other I20 Education: General I21 Analysis of Education I22 Educational Finance I23 Higher Education Research Institutions I28 Education: Government Policy I29 Education: Other I30 Welfare and Poverty: General I31 General Welfare I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I38 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I39 Welfare and Poverty: Other J00 Labor and Demographic Economics: General J01 Labor Economics: General J08 Labor Economics Policies J10 Demographic Economics: General J11 Demographic Trends and Forecasts; General Migration J12 Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse J13 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth J14 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped J15 Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination J17 Value of Life; Forgone Income J18 Demographic Economics: Public Policy J19 Demographic Economics: Other J20 Demand and Suppply of Labor: General J21 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply J23 Labor Demand J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies J28 Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy J29 Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other J30 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials J32 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions J33 Compensation Packages; Payment Methods J38 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy J39 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other J40 Particular Labor Markets: General J41 Labor Contracts J42 Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets J43 Agricultural Labor Markets J44 Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing J45 Public Sector Labor Markets J48 Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy J49 Particular Labor Markets: Other J50 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General J51 Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J52 Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining J53 Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence J54 Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms J58 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy J59 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other J60 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General J61 Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers J62 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion J63 Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs J64 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J65 Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings J68 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy J69 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other J70 Labor Discrimination: General J71 Labor Discrimination J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy J79 Labor Discrimination: Other J80 Labor Standards: General J81 Labor Standards: Working Conditions J82 Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition J83 Labor Standards: Workers' Rights J88 Labor Standards: Public Policy J89 Labor Standards: Other K00 Law and Economics: General K00 Law and Economics: General (including Data Sources and Description) K10 Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law) K11 Property Law K12 Contract Law K13 Tort Law and Product Liability K14 Criminal Law K19 Basic Areas of Law: Other K20 Regulation and Business Law: General K21 Antitrust Law K22 Corporation and Securities Law K23 Regulated Industries and Administrative Law K29 Regulation and Business Law: Other K30 Other Substantive Areas of Law: General K31 Labor Law K32 Environmental, Health, and Safety Law K33 International Law K34 Tax Law K35 Personal Bankruptcy Law K36 Family and Personal Law K39 Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other K40 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General K41 Litigation Process K42 Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K49 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other L00 Industrial Organization: General L10 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General L11 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms L12 Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies L13 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets L14 Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L15 Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility L16 Industrial Organization and Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices L17 Open Source Products and Markets L19 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other L20 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General L21 Business Objectives of the Firm L22 Firm Organization and Market Structure L23 Organization of Production L24 Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L26 Entrepreneurship L29 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other L30 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General L31 Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs L32 Public Enterprises L33 Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out L38 Public Policy L39 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other L40 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L41 Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices L42 Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts L43 Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation L44 Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations L49 Antitrust Policy: Other L50 Regulation and Industrial Policy: General L51 Economics of Regulation L52 Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods L53 Enterprise Policy L59 Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other L60 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L61 Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics L62 Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment L63 Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L64 Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments L65 Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology L66 Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits L67 Other Consumer Nondurables L68 Appliances; Other Consumer Durables L69 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other L70 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General L71 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels L72 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources L73 Forest Products L74 Construction L78 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy L79 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other L80 Industry Studies: Services: General L81 Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce L82 Entertainment; Media L83 Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism L84 Personal, Professional, and Business Services L85 Real Estate Services L86 Information and Internet Services; Computer Software L87 Postal and Delivery Services L88 Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy L89 Industry Studies: Services: Other L90 Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General L91 Transportation: General L92 Railroads and Other Surface Transportation L93 Air Transportation L94 Electric Utilities L95 Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities L96 Telecommunications L97 Utilities: General L98 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L99 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other M00 Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting: General M10 Business Administration: General M11 Production Management M12 Personnel Management; executive compensation M13 New Firms; Startups M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility M15 IT Management M16 International Business Administration M19 Business Administration: Other M20 Business Economics: General M21 Business Economics M29 Business Economics: Other M30 Marketing and Advertising: General M31 Marketing M37 Advertising M38 Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation M39 Marketing and Advertising: Other M40 Accounting and Auditing: General M41 Accounting M42 Auditing M48 Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation M49 Accounting: Other M50 Personnel Economics: General M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions M52 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects M53 Personnel Economics: Training M54 Personnel Economics: Labor Management M55 Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices M59 Personnel Economics: Other N00 Economic History: General N01 Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods N10 Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative N11 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N12 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N13 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913 N14 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: 1913- N15 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East N16 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean N17 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania N20 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative N21 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N22 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N23 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913 N24 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913- N25 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East N26 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean N27 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania N30 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: General, International, or Comparative N31 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N32 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N33 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Europe: Pre-1913 N34 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Europe: 1913- N35 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Asia including Middle East N36 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Latin America; Caribbean N37 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Africa; Oceania N40 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative N41 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N42 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N43 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 N44 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- N45 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East N46 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean N47 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania N50 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative N51 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N52 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N53 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 N54 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913- N55 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East N56 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean N57 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania N60 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative N61 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N62 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N63 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913 N64 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913- N65 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East N66 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean N67 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania N70 Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative N71 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N72 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N73 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913 N74 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913- N75 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East N76 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean N77 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania N80 Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative N81 Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N82 Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N83 Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913 N84 Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913- N85 Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East N86 Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean N87 Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania N90 Regional and Urban History: General N91 Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 N92 Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- N93 Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913 N94 Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913- N95 Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East N96 Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean N97 Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania O10 Economic Development: General O11 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O12 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O13 Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O14 Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O15 Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration O16 Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance O17 Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements O18 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses O19 International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations O20 Development Planning and Policy: General O21 Planning Models; Planning Policy O22 Project Analysis O23 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O24 Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O25 Industrial Policy O29 Development Planning and Policy: Other O30 Technological Change; Research and Development: General O31 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O32 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes O34 Intellectual Property Rights O38 Technological Change: Government Policy O39 Technological Change: Other O40 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General O41 One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models O42 Monetary Growth Models O43 Institutions and Growth O47 Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence O49 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other O50 Economywide Country Studies: General O51 Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada O52 Economywide Country Studies: Europe O53 Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East O54 Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean O55 Economywide Country Studies: Africa O56 Economywide Country Studies: Oceania O57 Comparative Studies of Countries P00 Economic Systems: General P10 Capitalist Systems: General P11 Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P12 Capitalist Enterprises P13 Cooperative Enterprises P14 Capitalist Systems: Property Rights P16 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P17 Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects P19 Capitalist Systems: Other P20 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General P21 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P22 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices P23 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population P24 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P25 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics P26 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy; Property Rights P27 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects P28 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P29 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other P30 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General P31 Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions P32 Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P33 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid P34 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics P35 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics P36 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health, Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty P37 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior P39 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other P40 Other Economic Systems: General P41 Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P42 Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population P43 Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics P44 Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P45 Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid P46 Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty P47 Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects P48 Other Economic Systems: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights P49 Other Economic Systems: Other P50 Comparative Economic Systems: General P51 Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems P52 Comparative Studies of Particular Economies P59 Comparative Economic Systems: Other Q00 Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General Q01 Sustainable Development Q10 Agriculture: General Q11 Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q12 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q13 Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q14 Agricultural Finance Q15 Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation Q16 Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services Q17 Agriculture in International Trade Q18 Agricultural Policy; Food Policy Q19 Agriculture: Other Q20 Renewable Resources and Conservation: General Q21 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply (the Commons) Q22 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture Q23 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry Q24 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land Q25 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water Q26 Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources Q27 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade Q28 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy Q29 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other Q30 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General Q31 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply Q32 Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development Q33 Resource Booms Q34 Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts Q38 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy Q39 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other Q40 Energy: General Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply Q42 Alternative Energy Sources Q43 Energy and the Macroeconomy Q48 Energy: Government Policy Q49 Energy: Other Q50 Environmental Economics: General Q51 Valuation of Environmental Effects Q52 Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects Q53 Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q54 Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming Q55 Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation Q56 Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth Q57 Ecological Economics Q58 Environmental Economics: Government Policy Q59 Environmental Economics: Other R00 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: General R10 General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) R11 Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes R12 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity R13 General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies R14 Land Use Patterns R15 General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models R19 General Regional Economics: Other R20 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General R21 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Housing Demand R22 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Other Demand R23 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population